Flavonoids and isoenzymes as chemotaxonomic markers in Cleome L.(Cleomaceae Bercht. & J.Presl)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19071/cb.2016.v7.3026Abstract
These studies were conducted on the twoflavonoid compounds of quercetin and kaempferol in addition electrophoretic studies of esterase and peroxidase isoenzymes by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresisfor five CleomeL. species. Extraction of these flavonoids was carried out using  90% ethanol and 85% methanol. Identification and quantification of quercetin and kaempferol was done using thin Layer chromatography (TLC) and further augmented using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then isolated,purified and identified using melting point (M.P.) and infrared spectroscopy (IR).eightquercetinand seven kaempferol compounds are isolated and  identified with different percentages. Electrophoretic patterns of two isoenzymes ofesterases (Est)  and peroxidases (Prx) considered a good taxonomicmarker techniques. A total 45 esterase and peroxidase bands obtained scanning the gels. The highest combined esterase and peroxidase bands (13 bands) are found in C.scaposa DCwhereasthe lowest seven bands are recorded in C. paradoxa B.BR.35 obtained data of two flavonoid compounds and two isoenzymeswere subjected to numerical analysis which separated the studied species into two groups, the first has C.gynandra. and C. viscosa L., the second group included three species of C. scaposa DC, C. brachycarpa . and C. paradoxa.Downloads
References
Aparadh, V.T.; Mahamuni, R.J.; Karadge, B.A 2023: Taxonomy and physiological studies in spider flower (Cleome species): a critical review. Plant Sciences Feed, v.2, p. 25-46, 2012.
Addae, M. and Munenge R.W. 1989. Quercetin-3-Neohesperidoside (rutin) and other flavonoids as the active hypoglycaemic agents of Brideliaferrug¬inea. Fitoterapia 60: 359-362Alfarhan, A., Al-Turky, T. and Basahy, A. (2005). Flora of Jazan region. final report, Vol. 1-2, supported by King Abdul-Aziz city for Science and Technology, 545.
Ahmad, V. U. and Alvi, K. A. (1987).Deaceto-oxybrachycarpone a trinortriterpenoid from Cleome brachycarpa. Phytochem., 26(1): 315-316.
Amaal Hasan M., 2009: Molecular Systematic of Some Brassicaceae Taxa in Egypt Basedon Electrophoretic Isoenzymes Pattern and RAPD Markers Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3 (3): 1499- 1511.
Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD (1986a). Toward a saturated linkage map in tomato based on isozymes and random cDNA sequences. Genetics, 112: 887-898.
Bernatzky R, Tanksley SD (1986b). Majority of random cDNA clones correspond to single loci in tomato genome. Mol. Gen. Genet. 203: 8-14.
Boham BA, Kocipai-Abyazan R (1974). Flavonoids and condensed tannins from leaves of Hawaiian Vacciniumvaticulatum and V. calycinium. Pacific Sci. 48: 458-463.
Chauhan, J. S. and Srivastava, S. K. (1979). Phytochemical investigation of roots of Cleome viscosa. Chem. Scr., 13: 24–25.
Essam, A. Azza, R., Amany, A. 2009:Biological and Chemical Study of Cleome paradoxa B.Br. pharmacognosy research, vol.1 issue 4. pp. 175-178
Forde MB., Gardener S.E. 1986. Seed protem gel electrophoresis I†genetic resource management. Plant Breeding Sympos,um DSIR 1986. Agronomy Society of NZ Special Publication No. 5. 21-26.
Hailu, W., ,Danang, H, Ali , R. Ali, A. and Saleh, M. 2014: Isozyme electrophoresis and morphometric comparison of reed (Imperata cylindrical) adaptation to different altitudes. International J. of innovative research in science, engineering and technology. Vol. 3, Issue 5.
Harbone J. and King L.(1976) Flavonoid sulphate in the Umbelliferae. Biochemical systematic and ecology, 4: 111-115.
Jonathan, F.W. and N.F. Wendel, (1990). Visualization and interpretation of plants isozymes.1 n:Isozymes in Plant Biology: D .E. Soltis and P.S. Solits (eds) London, Champan and Hall, 5-45.
Kjaer, A. and Thomsen, H. (1963).Isothiocyanate-producing glucosides in species of Capparidaceae. Phytochemistry, 2(1):29-32.
Musiri , S. Devarayan,K and Nagarajan, S.(2012).An anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial flavone glycoside from flowers of Cleome viscosa L. Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters20122:19.
Masrahi, Y. S. (2012). Abrief illustrate to wild plants in Jazan.King Fahad Library, Jeddaha, 302.
Mnzava, N. A. (1990). Studies on tropical vegetables part 2. amino and fatty acid composition in seed of Cleome gynandropsisL.. Food-Chem., 35(4): 287-294.
Pouchert C. J.1978: The Aldrich Library of Infrared spectra (2nd ed.). Aldrich chemical company, USA, 1978; pp. 793D.
Qin, G. W., Hamed, A. I., El-Emary, N. A., Chen, Y. G., Wang, L. Q., Cheung, K. K. and Cheng, K. F.(2000). A new trinortriterpenoid from Cleome chrysantha L,. Planta Medica, 66(2): 191-193.
Seif, E. N. M. M., Youssef, M. M. M. and HELMY, M. (1984). Flavonoid of Cleome droserifolia. Fitoterapia,55(4): 231-232.
Sharaf, M., Mansour, R. M. A. and Saleh, N. A. M. (1992). Exudate flavonoids from aerial parts of four Cleome spp. Biochemical Systematic and Ecoology, 20(5): 443-448.
Sharaf, M., El-Ansari, M. E. and Saleh, N. A. M. (1997). Flavonoids of four Cleome and three Capparis species. Biochem. Syst. Eco., 25(2): 161-166.
Singab, A.N1995: Acetylated flavonoltriglycosides from Ammi majusL. Photochemistry, 49: 2177-2180.
Songsak, T. and Lockwood, G. B. (2002).Glucosinolates of seven medicinal plants from Thailand. Fitoterapia, 73(3): 209-216.
Stegemann, H., W. Burgermeister and A. Akbar, (1988). Gel electrophoresis between two glass plates. Z. Naturforsch, 28(c): 722-732.
.