Review on engineering biomaterials in tissue engineering application

Abstract

Biomaterials are the materials used to restore or replace functions in body tissues and are continuously or occasionally in contact with body fluids. Today, biomaterials are being used for wound dressing to soft and heard tissue repairs. In this review, we present a brief elucidation of biomaterials that are being developed for engineering tissues including biocompatible metals, ceramics, polymers and hydrogels. Surgical implant made up of stainless steel, titanium alloys are some of the widely accepted metallic alloys in tissue engineering treatment. Along with these metals, bioceramics made up of hydroxyapatite (HA) and Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) are analogous to the inorganic constituents of hard tissues of vertebrates. In recent years, hydrophilic biodegradable fibers with nanometer range have attracted great attention due to their non-immunogenic, non-toxic and bioresorbable nature.