Limnological Investigation of Three Freshwater Springs of Pulwama District- Kashmir Valley
Abstract
Abstract
An assessment on quality and hygienic conditions of spring water was undertaken in Pulwama during 2009.The present investigation was carried out during January 2009 – June 2009 in three limnocrene freshwater springs located in single groundwater area in Pulwama district, Kashmir. A perusal of the data showed that these springs were hard water type with slightly lower values to higher values of DO (1.6-12mg/L). The ionic composition of the spring waters revealed the predominance of bicarbonate and calcium over the other ions with usual ionic progression as HCO3- >Ca++ >Mg++ >Na+ >K+. The water of all the three springs is used for multipurpose including drinking, irrigation, washing, bathing etc. None of the parameters studied floated the standards set by W.H.O. for drinking water quality.
Keywords: Limnological, Water quality, groundwater, Spring, Kashmir Valley