Histological studies of cellular differentiation during somatic embryogenesis of coconut plumule-derived calli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.19071/jpc.2015.v43.i3.2853Abstract
Since coconut is  one of the most recalcitrant species to generate in vitro, it is  necessary to study in detail about the cellular changes that occur during  somatic embryogenesis to enhance our knowledge about this phenomenon. In the  present study, coconut plumular tissues, the shoot meristem including leaf  primordia, were used as explants for in vitro regeneration studies.  Histological studies were carried out in different stages of plumule culture.  No noticeable growth was observed in 15 days old cultures. After 30 days,  meristematic cells could be identified. Abundance of meristematic cells,  foremost to the development of callus structures, was observed after 45 days.  After 75 days, globular friable calli were formed and histological studies  revealed the presence of meristematic centers which eventually formed somatic  embryos. The histological study of matured somatic embryos formed after 120  days of callus initiation showed a clear meristematic zone of parenchyma  cells, surrounded by vascular bundles. Histological studies, carried out for  certain abnormalities like compact calli, abnormal somatic embryoids with  rudimentary shoots and multiplied roots, revealed the presence of intact  cotyledonary leaves which seemed to inhibit the apical meristem development  of somatic embryoids. The presence of vascular bundles in the early stages of  callus formation might lead to the direct formation of meristemoids. These  results could aid future studies leading to enhanced control of the somatic  embryogenic process and greater efficiency of somatic embryo and plantlet  formation in coconut.