Resilience and sustainability in the Indian coffee value chain: A Mixed-Method analysis
Abstract
The Indian coffee industry holds a significant position in the global coffee trade, supporting rural livelihoods, generating export revenue, and maintaining plantations rich in biodiversity. However, the sector faces increasing challenges due to climate variability, market volatility, sustainability compliance requirements, and uneven value distribution within the value chain. This study employed a mixed-method research approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses to examine resilience, sustainability, and competitiveness in the Indian coffee industry. Trend analysis, descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR) were applied to secondary data from the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the World Bank, and the Coffee Board of India for 2013–2024. The qualitative component is based on documentary review and thematic analysis of value chain governance, certification programmes, climate adaptation strategies, and sustainability practices. The findings indicate improved economic outcomes associated with sustainable farming and certification practices, a moderate increase in coffee production, and a growing prevalence of climate-resilient Robusta cultivation. Nevertheless, institutional gaps, limited technical knowledge, and high compliance costs continue to restrict smallholder participation. The study underscores the importance of market diversification, digitalization, and sustainability in enhancing resilience and export competitiveness within the Indian coffee value chain.
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