Crop-specific distribution intensity and farmer-participatory integrated management of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in coconut-based cropping system
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25081/jpc.2026.v54.i2.10060Abstract
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are hidden enemies of crops and often-overlooked pests that cause severe yield losses in diverse crops. A survey was conducted in Alappuzha district, Kerala, to assess the crop-specific occurrence and distribution of root-knot nematodes (RKN) in coconut intercrops, including vegetables, fruits, tubers, and spice crops. The results revealed RKN infestation across all sampled regions, with varying severity among crops. Elephant foot yam, ginger, and papaya were the most severely affected (gall index 3–5), whereas cassava and arrowroot showed only mild infestation (gall index 1). Molecular characterization confirmed Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica as the predominant RKN species, with 99.15–100% sequence identity to reference 28S rRNA sequences. The invasive root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii was also detected in some samples, viz., guava, West Indian cherry, star apple, and tomato. Farmer-participatory integrated nematode management strategies—including field sanitation, the use of nematode-free planting materials, crop rotation with less-preferred hosts such as cassava, together with the application of Trichoderma harzianum and Pochonia chlamydosporia-enriched organic amendments—resulted in a 52%–78% reduction in RKN infestation in the demonstration plots. These validated integrated management practices enhanced awareness among farmers, facilitated cross-learning among stakeholders, and promoted sustainable nematode management in coconut-based cropping systems.
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