Effect of culture media and auxin on growth and betalain accumulation in the hairy root cultures of red chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla)

Authors

  • Sua Moon Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • Hyewon Seo Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • Minhwan Lee Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • Md Romij Uddin Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
  • Ramaraj Sathasivam Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • Chanung Park Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
  • Moon-Sub Lee Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
  • Su Young Shin Using Technology Development Department, Bio-resources Research Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Gyeongsangbukdo, Sangju-si 37242, Republic of Korea
  • Sang Un Park Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea, Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2025.v17.9557

Keywords:

Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla, Red chard, Media, Hormones, Betalain

Abstract

This study analyzes the response of biomass production and betalain biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of red Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla). Among the media tested, half-strength Schenk and Hildebrandt (1/2 SH) medium yielded the highest dry weight (413.3±42 mg/flask DW), whereas full SH medium appeared to be more consistent (390.0±10 mg/flask DW). Similar trends were observed in B5 and Murashige and Skoog (MS) media, where halving nutrient concentrations had minimal impact on biomass yield but significantly enhanced betalain accumulation. In addition, in this study, we further assessed the influence of different concentrations and various types of auxins on root and metabolite production. The result showed that 0.1 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) was the optimum concentration for biomass production (443.3±12 mg/flask DW), while 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was the best for the production of betacyanin (3.028 mg/g), betaxanthin (1.938 mg/g DW), and total betalain content (4.966 mg/g DW). The findings highlight that reduced nutrient concentrations, particularly in SH medium, and precise auxin optimization can enhance both biomass and betalin production. These results provide valuable insights into optimizing hairy root culture systems for commercial applications in enhancing the secondary metabolite production in B. vulgaris.

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Published

26-05-2025

How to Cite

Moon, S., Seo, H., Lee, M., Uddin, M. R., Sathasivam, R., Park, C., Lee, M.-S., Shin, S. Y., & Park, S. U. (2025). Effect of culture media and auxin on growth and betalain accumulation in the hairy root cultures of red chard (Beta vulgaris L. var. cicla). Journal of Phytology, 17, 55–60. https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2025.v17.9557

Issue

Volume 17, 2025

Section

Articles

Copyright (c) 2025 Sua Moon, Hyewon Seo, Minhwan Lee, Md Romij Uddin, Ramaraj Sathasivam, Chanung Park, Moon-Sub Lee, Su Young Shin, Sang Un Park

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.