Influence of cytokinins and yeast extract on growth and flavone production in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25081/jp.2023.v15.8685Keywords:
Scutellaria baicalensis, Hairy root, Cytokinins, Yeast extract, Flavone compoundsAbstract
Hairy roots produce various bioactive chemical compounds than wild-type roots which offer a promising in vitro approach for synthesizing important nutraceutical compounds. The purpose of this study is to increase the production of flavone compounds in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis by the addition of elicitors such as cytokinins and yeast extract. Cytokinins such as kinetin (KIN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and Thidiazuron (TDZ) were utilized at 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, whereas for yeast extract treatment 50, 100, and 150 mg/L concentrations were added to the ½ SH medium. Effects of elicitors were measured in terms of dry biomass and flavone contents (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin) using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The highest dry weight was achieved in the control hairy root than that of all cytokinins-treated hairy root cultures. In all the cytokinin-treated hairy root cultures, as the concentration increased the dry weight of the hairy root decreased. In contrast, in all the yeast extract-treated hairy root cultures as the concentration increases the dry weight of the hairy root increased, whereas the highest dry weight was achieved in 150 mg/L of yeast extract. Moving to the flavone content, baicalin was detected highest content in all the hairy root cultures supplied with cytokinin and yeast extract. The highest total flavone content was achieved in the hairy root culture treated with 1.0 mg/L of TDZ and 50 mg/L of yeast extract. This result might help the commercial agronomic sector by facilitating the in vitro mass production of nutraceuticals using S. baicalensis hairy root cultures.
Downloads
References
Alcalde, M. A., Perez-Matas, E., Escrich, A., Cusido, R. M., Palazon, J., & Bonfill, M. (2022). Biotic elicitors in adventitious and hairy root cultures: A review from 2010 to 2022. Molecules, 27(16), 5253. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27165253
Bagal, D., Chowdhary, A. A., Mehrotra, S., Mishra, S., Rathore, S., & Srivastava, V. (2023). Metabolic engineering in hairy roots: An outlook on production of plant secondary metabolites. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 201, 107847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107847
Baque, M. A., Hahn, E.-J., & Paek, K.-Y. (2010). Growth, secondary metabolite production and antioxidant enzyme response of Morinda citrifolia adventitious root as affected by auxin and cytokinin. Plant Biotechnology Reports, 4, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11816-009-0121-8
Bayraktar, M., Naziri, E., Akgun, I. H., Karabey, F., Ilhan, E., Akyol, B., Bedir, E., & Gurel, A. (2016). Elicitor induced stevioside production, in vitro shoot growth, and biomass accumulation in micropropagated Stevia rebaudiana. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 127, 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-016-1049-7
Biswas, D., Chakraborty, A., Mukherjee, S., & Ghosh, B. (2023). Hairy root culture: a potent method for improved secondary metabolite production of Solanaceous plants. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1197555. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1197555
Chen, H., & Chen, F. (2000). Effects of yeast elicitor on the growth and secondary metabolism of a high-tanshinone-producing line of the Ti transformed Salvia miltiorrhiza cells in suspension culture. Process Biochemistry, 35(8), 837-840. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(99)00146-6
Chmiel, M., & Stompor-Gorący, M. (2023). Promising role of the Scutellaria baicalensis root hydroxyflavone–baicalein in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(5), 4732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24054732
Decendit, A., Liu, D., Ouelhazi, L., Doireau, P., Mérillon, J.-M., & Rideau, M. (1992). Cytokinin-enhanced accumulation of indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus cell cultures—the factors affecting the cytokinin response. Plant Cell Reports, 11, 400-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00234369
El-Beltagi, H. S., Mohamed, H. I., Aldaej, M. I., Al-Khayri, J. M., Rezk, A. A., Al-Mssallem, M. Q., Sattar, M. N., & Ramadan, K. M. A. (2022). Production and antioxidant activity of secondary metabolites in Hassawi rice (Oryza sativa L.) cell suspension under salicylic acid, yeast extract, and pectin elicitation. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology -Plant, 58, 615-629. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-022-10264-x
El-Desouky, S. A., Wanas, A. L. A., & Khedr, Z. M. A. (1998). Utilization of some natural plant extracts (garlic and yeast) as seed-soaked materials to squash (Cucurbita pepo, L.). Effect on growth, sex expression and fruit yield and quality. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 36(2), 839-854.
Grzegorczyk-Karolak, I., Kuźma, Ł., & Wysokińska, H. (2015). The effect of cytokinins on shoot proliferation, secondary metabolite production and antioxidant potential in shoot cultures of Scutellaria alpina. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 122, 699-708. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-015-0804-5
Hassan, M. A., Razak, M. A., Baharom, A. H., Sah, M. S. M., & Rahman, M. Z. A. (2018). Effects of plant growth regulators on root culture and yeast extract elicitation on metabolite profiles of Polygonum minus. Sains Malaysiana, 47(12), 3085-3094. https://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4712-19
Huang, Q., Wang, M., Wang, M., Lu, Y., Wang, X., Chen, X., Yang, X., Guo, H., He, R., & Luo, Z. (2023). Scutellaria baicalensis: a promising natural source of antiviral compounds for the treatment of viral diseases. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 21(8), 563-575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1875-5364(23)60401-7
Jeong, G.-T., Woo, J.-C., & Park, D.-H. (2007). Effect of plant growth regulators on growth and biosynthesis of phenolic compounds in genetically transformed hairy roots of Panax ginseng CA Meyer. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 12, 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03028631
Karalija, E., Zeljković, S. Ć., & Parić, A. (2020). Harvest time–related changes in biomass, phenolics and antioxidant potential in Knautia sarajevensis shoot cultures after elicitation with salicylic acid and yeast. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant, 56, 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-019-10028-0
Kasim, W. A. E.-A., AboKassem, E. M., & Ragab, G. A. A. (2017). Ameliorative effect of yeast extract, IAA and green-synthesized nano zinc oxide on the growth of Cu-stressed Vicia faba seedlings. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 57, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejbo.2017.885.1065
Krstić-Milošević, D., Janković, T., Uzelac, B., Vinterhalter, D., & Vinterhalter, B. (2017). Effect of elicitors on xanthone accumulation and biomass production in hairy root cultures of Gentiana dinarica. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 130, 631-640. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-017-1252-1
Lee, Y., Lee, D.-E., Lee, H.-S., Kim, S.-K., Lee, W. S., Kim, S.-H., & Kim, M.-W. (2011). Influence of auxins, cytokinins, and nitrogen on production of rutin from callus and adventitious roots of the white mulberry tree (Morus alba L.). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 105, 9-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9832-3
Malarz, J., Michalska, K., Yudina, Y. V., & Stojakowska, A. (2022). Hairy root cultures as a source of polyphenolic antioxidants: Flavonoids, stilbenoids and hydrolyzable tannins. Plants, 11(15), 1950. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151950
Mauro, M. L., & Bettini, P. P. (2021). Agrobacterium rhizogenes rolB oncogene: An intriguing player for many roles. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 165, 10-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.037
Medani, R. A., & Taha, R. S. (2015). Improving growth and yield of caraway (Carum carvi L.,) plants by decapitation and/or active dry yeast application. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 4(9), 47-60.
Meyer, H. J., & Van Staden, J. (1995). The in vitro production of an anthocyanin from callus cultures of Oxalis linearis. Plant cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 40, 55-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00041119
Morey, K. J., & Peebles, C. A. M. (2022). Hairy roots: An untapped potential for production of plant products. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 937095. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.937095
Nitnaware, K. M., Naik, D. G., & Nikam, T. D. (2011). Thidiazuron-induced shoot organogenesis and production of hepatoprotective lignan phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin in Phyllanthus amarus. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 104, 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-010-9796-3
Park, C. H., Xu, H., Yeo, H. J., Park, Y. E., Hwang, G.-S., Park, N. I., & Park, S. U. (2021). Enhancement of the flavone contents of Scutellaria baicalensis hairy roots via metabolic engineering using maize Lc and Arabidopsis PAP1 transcription factors. Metabolic Engineering, 64, 64-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymben.2021.01.003
Park, N. I., Xu, H., Li, X., Kim, S.-J., & Park, S. U. (2011). Enhancement of flavone levels through overexpression of chalcone isomerase in hairy root cultures of Scutellaria baicalensis. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 11, 491-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-011-0229-0
Pei, T., Yan, M., Huang, Y., Wei, Y., Martin, C., & Zhao, Q. (2022). Specific flavonoids and their biosynthetic pathway in Scutellaria baicalensis. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 866282. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.866282
Rani, D., Meelaph, T., De-Eknamkul, W., & Vimolmangkang, S. (2020). Yeast extract elicited isoflavonoid accumulation and biosynthetic gene expression in Pueraria candollei var. mirifica cell cultures. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture, 141, 661-667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-020-01809-2
Roy, A. (2021). Hairy root culture an alternative for bioactive compound production from medicinal plants. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 22(1), 136-149. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666201229110625
Sabovljevic, A., Rosic, N., Jankovic, T., & Grubisic, D. (2006). Secoiridoid content of Blackstonia perfoliata in vivo and in vitro. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology-Plant, 42, 427-431. https://doi.org/10.1079/IVP2006759
Schenk, R. U., & Hildebrandt, A. C. (1972). Medium and techniques for induction and growth of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plant cell cultures. Canadian Journal of Botany, 50(1), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.1139/b72-026
Stepanova, A. Y., Malunova, M. V., Gladkov, E. A., Evsyukov, S. V., Tereshonok, D. V., & Solov’eva, A. I. (2022). Collection of hairy roots as a basis for fundamental and applied research. Molecules, 27(22), 8040. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27228040
Taha, R. S., Seleiman, M. F., Alhammad, B. A., Alkahtani, J., Alwahibi, M. S., & Mahdi, A. H. (2020). Activated Yeast extract enhances growth, anatomical structure, and productivity of Lupinus termis L. plants under actual salinity conditions. Agronomy, 11(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010074
Wanas, A. (2002). Response of faba bean (Vicia faba, L) plants to seed soaking application with natural yeast and carrot extracts. Annals of Agricultural Sciences, 40(1), 83-102.
Wang, J., Chen, S., Zhang, J., & Wu, J. (2022) Scutellaria baicalensis georgi is a promising candidate for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 13, 946030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2022.946030
Wang, J., Feng, X., Li, Z., Liu, Y., Yang, W., Zhang, T., Guo, P., Liu, Z., Qi, D., & Pi, J. (2023). The Flavonoid components of Scutellaria baicalensis: Biopharmaceutical properties and their improvement using nanoformulation techniques. Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 23(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026623666221128144258
Xi, Q., Lai, W., Cui, Y., Wu, H., & Zhao, T. (2019). Effect of yeast extract on seedling growth promotion and soil improvement in afforestation in a semiarid chestnut soil area. Forests, 10(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10010076
Yeo, H.-J., Park, C.-H., Park, S.-Y., Chung, S.-O., Kim, J.-K., & Park, S.-U. (2021). Metabolic analysis of root, stem, and leaf of Scutellaria baicalensis plantlets treated with different LED lights. Plants, 10(5), 940. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10050940
Yu, P., Li, J., Luo, Y., Sun, J., Hu, Y., Lin, B., Meng, X., & Xiang, L. (2023). Mechanistic role of Scutellaria baicalensis georgi in breast cancer therapy. The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 51(2), 279-308. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X23500155
Zhao, T., Tang, H., Xie, L., Zheng, Y., Ma, Z., Sun, Q., & Li, X. (2019). Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.(Lamiaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 71(9), 1353-1369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.13129
Zhao, Z., Nian, M., Qiao, H., Yang, X., Wu, S., & Zheng, X. (2022). Review of bioactivity and structure-activity relationship on baicalein (5, 6, 7-trihydroxyflavone) and wogonin (5, 7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) derivatives: Structural modifications inspired from flavonoids in Scutellaria baicalensis. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 243, 114733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114733
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Copyright (c) 2023 Haejin Kwon, Haeng-Hoon Kim, Minsol Choi, Bao Van Nguyen, Kihyun Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.