Cultivation of rose ( Rosa indica L . )

Rose, locally called Gulab-Jo-Gul (in Sindhi), belongs to family Rosaceae. Its botanical name is Rosa indica L. in the order Rosales. Rosaceae is a larger plant family, which has hundreds of genera and over thousands of species including shrubs, herbs, and trees. Rose is a very much important plant from various aspects. It is widely used throughout the world for love moments, medical purposes, cosmetic uses, happy events, celebrations, welcome parties, ornamentally as well as food tonic supplement, so they have value, but the same time, they are cultivated at small area in the country due to several reason. However, they are climatically well-adopted and tolerate adverse environmental conditions. Lack of improved production technology and awareness about cultivation are major issues in every part of the globe. Unfortunately in agricultural research life, rose cultivation sector is most ignored around the world, less work, and less promotion of its cultivation causing reduced availability. Therefore, introduction of climatically well-adopted production technology is essential which provides briefly guide to formers from the scope of rose along with cultivation processes.

The rose production was much lessened in history; it is gained importance after 2 nd world war; early in the 20 th century, new technologies were adopted in flower industries utilization to production (Ozkan et al., 1997;Sayýn et al., 2003;Boran, 2008).Floriculture industries have high value in the world for development and promotion of rose while in the country shortage of industries is an issue.Rose grown from few decades, even Pakistan has most fertile soils and the climate favors to cut flowers, but main factors are a lack of awareness lack of resources and non-skilled labor.Flowers produced in the country are used locally, and small amount was exported to the Middle East while a large number of flowers are wasted (SMEDA, 2009).Leghari et al. (2015) reported that causes of small-scale farming of flowers in agriculture are a major issue due lack of awareness for flower cultivation, they clearly identified that climate of the country is most suitable.
Globally, the rose is a most popular flower at trade levels, and it is utilized in every event of local or international markets.Kenya, Japan, Italy, United States, Netherlands, Israel, and Colombia are leading rose producing countries.In past, the roses are grown only for preparation of products such as jam, rose water, and perfumes (Byczynski, 1997).Now, it is widely used, so now compared to the past, production of rose increased, but more attention is still required for their improved production specially in Pakistan.

IMPORTANCE OF ROSES
There are so many uses of rose (R. indica L.).They are propagated as ornamentals, commercially rose oil used in manufacturing of perfumes, used as room refreshers, rose water has different uses in medicines, provide relief from soothes of mind, rose petals are antiseptic in nature, and used as an eye wash ingredient.It is enriched with vitamins such as vitamin A, C, D, E, and B 3 .For skin beauty, rose water is used in face masks for fair skin which maintains skin pH and controls extra oil.If one cup of rose water is used for hair shining, along shining it produces healthy hairs and in jams, jellies and in soup rose water used.The rose is a sign of love and peace and used as a gift, also for welcome parties, wedding ceremonies, and many religious events.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY OF ROSE Soil Requirements
Well-drained loamy, silty loam and sandy loam soil with pH between 6 and 7.5 is favorable for rose cultivation; however, rose can also grow and tolerate pH range up to 8.

Fertilizer Needs
Roses are highly feeder, thus requires fertilizer input, however, usually fertilizer is not supplied in good amount.While, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) being major plant nutrients, improve plant growth functions and enhances yield quality components.N normally involve in chlorophyll formation, thus vegetative growth, P helps in seedling growth and stimulate flowerin and fruit development etc and Potassium increase strength in stem, drought and disease resistance, it has direct role in quality constituent.

Material required
1. Razor blade 2. Small secateurs 3. Cutting of roses, etc. Procedure 1.Take a growing tip from your plant 3" to 6" long with at least one leaf internodes two is better but not always possible 2.With a sharp edge razor blade, carefully cut of one or  After sustainable time, the root formation will be started, and a new plant obtained from cutting resemblance to their parent plant.

Irrigation Requirement
Rose requires a certain amount of irrigation, but a large number of rose genera are drought tolerant and able to mitigate the water deficit.The water requirement of rose depends on various factors.

Temperature
Temperature has directly effect on water requirement.Through high temperature, the rate of transpiration  as well as evaporation increases results more water requires.

Wind
Through wind the rate of evapotranspiration increases, thus more water required.

Humidity
In high humidity level, less water required because of the slow rate of evaporation and transpiration and water holding capacity of soil.

Harvesting of Rose
Commonly roses are harvested when they fully mature and open, and they are supplied to market or stored refrigerated conditions until to supply at the sale point.