GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC

With its various edible berries, and also great value in the indigenous medicine system, the family fabaceae has an economic significance. Many of the wild edible plant have both therapeutic and dietary function. Wild edible plant plays a significant role in human life, supplying nutrients, fibres, vitamins, essential fatty acids and improving dietary taste and colour. R. minima (L.) DC. Commonly referred to as Turvel is an annual twinning or trailing spread throughout India, Sri Lanka, and the United States [2]. The seeds are weaker and poisonous and the extract of seeds shows strong agglutinating activity on human RBC [3]. The medicine leaves of this plant are used as abortifacient in the folk tradition method. Decoction prepared from leaves is used as an abortifacient by triabals in the North Maharastra region [4]. The Sikkim tribals use plant leaves in the treatment of wounds, helmintic infection and abortion [5]. In the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, the aborigines use the leaves to treat asthama and piles [6]. Plant phytochemical experiments revealed the existence of ergoster, stigmasterol, lupeol, and steroidal glycoside [7]. The Leaves of R. Minima have significant anthelmintic activity [4]. R. Minima leafs essential therapeutic qualities such as contamination with helminths, cuts, asthma, piles and abortive substances [8]. In the case of gold nanoparticles R. minima mediated synthesis, the alkyne group, acyl halide, secondary amine in alkaloids and alkyl halides such as iodine and bromine compounds may be involved in the reduction of gold chloride into gold nanoparticles, these compounds may also serve as reducing and capping agents [9]. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the R.minima aqueous leaf extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides [4]. Medicinal plants have historically been an integral part of human life since ancient days. Because of their therapeutic selectivity, minute of side effects, inexpensive source and function as lead molecules for the development of new drugs, natural compounds are currently GC-MS and FTIR analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC.


INTRODUCTION
The genus Rhynchosia (Fabaceae) belongs to the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae), the subfamily Papilionoideae, the tribe Phaseoleae, the subtribe Cajaninae. The genus is described in India by 25 species, as well as one variety and one subspecies, 7 of which are endemic to India. In India, there is a great diversity of the species of Rhynchosia, about 60%, found in the Eastern Ghat [1].
With its various edible berries, and also great value in the indigenous medicine system, the family fabaceae has an economic significance. Many of the wild edible plant have both therapeutic and dietary function. Wild edible plant plays a significant role in human life, supplying nutrients, fibres, vitamins, essential fatty acids and improving dietary taste and colour. R. minima (L.) DC. Commonly referred to as Turvel is an annual twinning or trailing spread throughout India, Sri Lanka, and the United States [2]. The seeds are weaker and poisonous and the extract of seeds shows strong agglutinating activity on human RBC [3]. The medicine leaves of this plant are used as abortifacient in the folk tradition method. Decoction prepared from leaves is used as an abortifacient by triabals in the North Maharastra region [4]. The Sikkim tribals use plant leaves in the treatment of wounds, helmintic infection and abortion [5]. In the Saurashtra region of Gujarat, the aborigines use the leaves to treat asthama and piles [6]. Plant phytochemical experiments revealed the existence of ergoster, stigmasterol, lupeol, and steroidal glycoside [7]. The Leaves of R. Minima have significant anthelmintic activity [4]. R. Minima leafs essential therapeutic qualities such as contamination with helminths, cuts, asthma, piles and abortive substances [8]. In the case of gold nanoparticles R. minima mediated synthesis, the alkyne group, acyl halide, secondary amine in alkaloids and alkyl halides such as iodine and bromine compounds may be involved in the reduction of gold chloride into gold nanoparticles, these compounds may also serve as reducing and capping agents [9]. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the R.minima aqueous leaf extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides [4]. Medicinal plants have historically been an integral part of human life since ancient days. Because of their therapeutic selectivity, minute of side effects, inexpensive source and function as lead molecules for the development of new drugs, natural compounds are currently the main source for the modern drug discovery. Rhynchosia species (Fabaceae) grow widely in the world's tropical and subtropical areas. In herbal medicine, a few plants of this genus have been used to treat various conditions such as antibacterial, antidiabetic, abortive, wound healing, hepatoprotective, boil cure, rheumatic pain and skin infections [10]. Medicinal plants are a worthy source of biologically active compounds for the production over the past centuries of new therapeutic drug candidates [11][12][13]. Also today, plant species are commonly used by people in many countries as a cure for the treatment of different forms of diseases such as infectious, cardiovascular, diabetic, intestinal, renal, mental-nervous, dietary, respiratory, reproductive, neurological, skin infections and many wounds [14]. Therefore, the plants provide a valuable source of natural compounds and played a major role with scientifically enhanced effectiveness in the new drug development as well as less side effects [15]. Therefore, in terms of biological activity and drug discovery many researchers based their research attention on medicinal plants.

Collection of Plant Material and Preparation of Methanol Extract
The plant materials of R.minima were collected from Kondi in Solapur District, Maharashtra. The identification of plant material was carrird out by using flora of Kolhapur District [13]. The leaves were air dried at lab condition to avoid contamination and made fine powder by using mechanical grinder. Then the powder was used for extraction using the solvent methanol. The obtained extracts were filtered by using Whatman No.1 filter paper, concentrated by using an evaporator at 40 0 C and residual extracts were stored in the refrigerator at 4 0 C in small and sterile amber colour glass bottles. This solution was further used for GC-MS analysis. Fine powder of leaves of R. Minima was used to FTIR analysis.
The GC-MS analysis was done using GCMS-TQ8050-Shimadzu (Japan). It has equipped with SH-Rxi-5 sil MS fused silica capillary column (0.25mm diameter and 0.25 mm thickness). Injection mode-split, Flow control mode -Pressure, Pressure-75.2 kPa, linear velocity-41.4 cm/sec, Purge flow-3.0 ml/min and Spilt ratio-(1.0). Helium gas (99.9%) was used as a carrier gas at constant flow rate. Identification of components is read on mass spectrum of GC-MS by using National institute of standard and techniques NIST-08 LIB and WILEY-O8 L.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The GCMS analysis of leaves of R.minima showed Nienteen componds ( Table 1) [16,17]. Hexadecanoic acid compound, nematicide methyl ester compound, insecticide, antibiotic, antioxidant, hypocholesterolemic activity [18]. Caryophyllene compound having anti-inflammatory activity [19]. Hexadecanoic acid phytochemical portion, methyl ester having anti-androgenic activity in Neolamarkia Cadamba leaf extract (Table 2). GC-MS study of Martynia Annua Linn methanol extract seeds having hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester compound. Gundidza et al. [21] studied antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activity and found that, R. Minima essential oil has average antibacterial activity of all reported bacterial species except Clostridium perfringens and Klebsiella pneomoniae [21]. According to Bhakshu and Raju [22], the essential oil of R. heynei leaves exhibited a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The screening showed that Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the highest inhibitory activity followed by Bacillus cereus, Candida tropicalis, C. albicans and Aspergillus niger were immune to the oil examined. In the case of R.minima mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles, the alkyne group, acyl halide, secondary amine in alkaloids and alkyl halides such as iodine and bromine compounds may be involved in reducing gold chloride into gold nanoparticles, and these compounds may also serve as reducing and capping agents [23,24] Preliminary phytochemical screening of the R. minima aqueous leaf extract revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glycosides [25].

CONCLUSIONS
In the current evaluation, a study of Gas Chromatogram-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has identified nineteen bioactive compounds from the methanolic leaf extract of R. minima. The presence of various bioactive compounds in R. minima has shown that the pharmaceutical significance. FTIR anlysis of R. minima leaves shows lipid, protein, phosphate ions, carboxylic acid, hydroxy compound, aliphatic bromo compound ( Figure  2 and Table 3) [20]. Rhynchosia is an economically important genus that is distributed all over the world. Phytochemical investigations into many species of Rhynchosia have shown that the genus is limited to the abundance of C-glycosylflavonoids developing. The Rhynchosia's preliminary phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and glycosides. Wild legume Rhynchosia is a rich source of phytochemicals and nutrition and provides possibilities for advancement as a stand-by for cultivated species as a vegetable. The several species of Rhynchosia exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-nutritional, antifungal, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities that suggest they have a range of medicinal properties as well as exceptional nutritional potential. Caryophyllene Anti-inflammatory activity [19]